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InsulinInsulin is produced in specific cells in the pancreas. It is essential for tranport of glucose into the inside of cells, which it mediates by binding to the insulin receptor on the surface of most cells.In the absence of insulin (diabetes type I) or decreased insulin sensitivity (diabetes type II) sugars float around in the blood stream, are used for unwanted chemical reactions with proteins or are stored in tissues like the lens. Insulin promotes fatty acid synthesis in the liver and glycerol synthesis in adipocytes, which can then use the fatty acids to produce triglycerides which are stored. Insulin also inhibites fat oxidation, sparing already stored body fat. What is Insulin?Two peptide chains referred to as the A chain (21 amino acids) and B chain (30 amino acids) linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. |
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Copyright 2004 Dr Angie Hayes |  |